CLASS OVERVIEW

Learn about Jamaica and about the courageous leadership of Queen Nanny who helped to get and keep her people free.

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Jamaica is the largest Caribbean island. The first inhabitants came about 3,000 years ago and the second arrived and made the red ware culture. The Taino people later made the island their home and cultivated cassava and corn. They had villages of woodpine leaves and straw. The island was spotted by Columbus in 1494. He declared that the island was the fairest Island the eyes had beheld.

The Spanish took control and treated The tainos partially as they look for gold. The island became the colony of San diego. The Tainos population started to dwindle because of the harshness of treatment and disease.

They started the slave trade from Africa and the Africans began to escape and were called the maroons. 1700 the British took Jamaica from Spain Britain encouraged privates to get as much gold as possible from the Spanish ports and then when they were finished with them the British started to execute the pirates.

The British imported many more Africans and enslaved them to work on indigo, cacow and most profitable sugar cane.

British forces fought with the maroons from 1686 to 1755. Queen Nanny fought fighting was from 1728 to 1740.

There were other battles which were fought by The maroons and the British from 1795 to 96. There was an abolitionist by the name of William Wilberforce who helped to bring about the abolition of slavery by the British in 1834 after 20 years of endless parliamentary procedures.

Life was still not good for the people of Jamaica and Paul Bogle 1822-65 try to help us a Baptist preacher who led a rebellion in 1865. Paul vocal was executed for high treason. 

Jamaica continue to want better and the activist Marcus Garvey of Rosen 1887 to 40 he rose to power and had large crowds later inspired Severus in the civil Rights movement including the parents of Malcolm x. 1962 Jamaica received its independence from britain. It has had its ups and downs as a country but is recognized for the many contributions of food, reggae music made famous by Bob Marley and the fastest runner in the world H-bolt.

Queen Nanny was from the Akon people and there are several stories about her coming to Jamaica. Her father and people escaped to the Blue mountains of Jamaica and their method maroon and the tainos who have been there since Columbus. Nanny’s father made sure that she knew the ways of the Africans. Nanny became the symbolic mother of all maroons and started leading in battle. Queen Nanny taught what we now know as guerrilla warfare which helped to secure her people. She taught soldiers how to breathe in a way that would not be heard and how to walk through forest and not be heard and  wear camouflage and not be seen, yet attack completely and successfully. She is accredited for freeing a thousand slaves in her lifetime The maroons use powerful communication using a cow horn gourd and a bone she had over 3,000 soldiers. They said that she had supernatural powers. She could catch a bullet shot at her and return the bullet to the source. Any white man who came into Nanny town would be struck dead. She could plant pumpkins and the seeds would sprout in a few days to feed her people. 

It is believed she died of old age in 1760s. She is the only woman that is commemorated in Jamaica as a Jamaican leader. Her face is on the $500 note. Her legacy lives on with the people of Jamaica.

1. What did two salt begin to do as he was in the battle? SHINE
2. What country helped Toussaint and the army? SPAIN
3. After the battle, what country did Toussaint align with? FRANCE
4. Why did Tucson align himself with that country? France Had abolished slavery, Spain had not.
5. What did Napoleon not want to happen? Blacks to rule in any part of the world.
6. What was  Toussaint’s philosophy about government? Black should rule blacks.

CLASS OVERVIEW

Learn about Toussaint L’Overture  and his leadership in battle and government. Learn how Haiti won their freedom.

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San Domingo, a small colony given this name by Columbus, had all the wealth of the colonies in all the world by producing more sugar than any other colony in the world. It became a British colony 1697 to 1791.

After the American Revolution in 1776 and the French Revolution in 1789 many of the enslaved began to start revolts. The French Revolution produce the statement that no man is above the other but that wasn’t  practiced because those who were of mixed race did not have the same rights as those who were white and those who were enslaved had no rights at all. 

One of the revolutionary leaders was named Bookman and after he died the revolution movement and vision almost died with him. There were negotiations for some of the enslaved to return back to the plantations but the French wanted all of the slaves to return so the revolt continued.

Toussaint Louverture was in the rebel camp at first. He was a medicine man and also took care of the horses. He was the negotiator with France but that did not work out.

The revolts were not successful because of the weapons used such as machetes. So the revolters asked the Spanish to help them with food and how to fight the French. 

A commissioner signed a decree which abolished slavery and 1793 he stated the only thing they could do was to abolish slavery he wrote the decree that stated that slavery had ended. 

Now Toussaint had a dilemma. The dilemma was to stay with the Spanish who had helped them to  victory but still had slavery or to go back to the French who had just abolished slavery. To stop push the Spanish back but the French did not like that the slaves were free. 

The French opened their doors to the British and then the British took over the colony. Toussaint and Lego ruled Haiti Toussaint ruled the  North and Lego ruled the South. Everything was going well but in 1799 there was a dispute started between the two. Now Napoleon was told to divide the two which started the fight and the French wanted their land and slaves back but was defeated and the officials went back to France and Toussaint was the ruler of all of Haiti. Toussaint stated that Blacks should rule blacks. All the whites were sent back to their countries. 

France, was a monarch and beheaded King Louie the 16th and then became a republic and then became a dictatorship under Napoleon. Toussaint continued to rule the entire island with 10,000 soldiers.

Napoleon had complete control of France and wrote a constitution for France with no laws to govern the colonies. Toussaint wrote a constitution for the colonies which again abolished slavery forever and and made him governor for life.

Napoleon did not accept this and called Toussaint the gilded negro and thought he needed to stop the march of the Blacks. Napoleon sent 20 to 80,000 soldiers to the island and was going to take the island over and arrest The general and put everyone back into slavery and he hoped to accomplish all these plans in 30 days. 

Kristoff held the soldiers back and Toussaint took the people up into the mountains because he felt if they waited out the rainy season  the soldiers would die from the yellow fever. There was a woman leading one of the battles and her name was Marie Jean.

After more negotiations the hostilities between the French and the Haitians ended and Toussaint retired and went on a plantation to live with his family. 

Later, Toussaint was arrested and taken to France where after being put in a castle and not being fed well or cared for died April 7th 1803.

A decade later Napoleon stated,  “My decision to destroy the Blacks of the island, was not about money or fortune, but to keep Blacks from gaining power in the world,” but later he said he should have let Toussaint rule Haiti.

Haiti gained it’s Independence as a free country on January 1, 1804. This is their Independence Day. Every January 1st they eat soup made with squash to celebrate.

1. What crop were the French interested the most in planting and raising. Sugar
2. Haiti became the richest Colony in the World.
3. They imported 40,000  African a year.
4. What were a lot of the Africans who were imported? Warriors
5. What was the age Africans were expected to live? 7

CLASS OVERVIEW

Learn about the continuing destruction of the Tainos’ island and the beginning of the African slave trade.

BEFORE YOU GET STARTED:

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The transcript

So as of Taino started to die out, the, priest, the priest, let me say that again, the priest suggested, why don’t you go over to Africa and, get some enslaved people from there.

So, they decided, to start importing Africans to do the work that they wanted  done.

Anyway, so, I was saying Spain wanted to reestablish their place in the European world was so important.

So, as I said, the priest said, let’s go over to Africa and get Africans, to enslave.

What was happening in Africa. There were wars between different nations and  tribes.

Africans would sell the captives from the tribes that were, instead  like, in Benin.

The women warrior would throw the, the warriors over a wall.

Going back to the Pirates, the people on the mainland started selling and trading with the pirates and things, uh, uh, things like bacon and some of the, the meat and livestock. That’s what they started, uh, trading with the pirates.

They started to plant tobacco and other crops, which was doing very well.

The French settled and formed a treaty. So things were going well. They were planning tobacco, they were growing tobacco.Tobacco was being shipped back to Europe and other places. So the French made a treaty with the Spanish.

They split the island, in two parts so there was a French side and the Spanish side. There was San Domingo was the Spanish side, and Santo Domingo was the French side.

The French, uh, were not intereste in mining. They were interested in their tobacco and they introduced another crop sugar. Because they were interested in sugar cane, they needed to bring more enslaved people.

Europe got most of the Africans from sub Sahara Africa to work on the sugar cane.

So even now we can see why, sometimes we wonder why  our people, are prone, some of our people are prone to being part of gangs and what have you. That whole warring mentality, wanting to belong to something that has a purpose. Unfortunately, the purpose is not a good purpose.

1. The name of the first people of Haiti was Tainos.
2. How many chiefs did the Tainos have? 5
3. What was the makeup of the Taino’s rulers? There had to be a least one male Chief if there were all femals Chief or one female if there were all male chiefs for balance.
4. Who came to The Haiti? Christopher Columbus 
5. What did he bring? Destruction