CLASS OVERVIEW

Learn about Huero the Chieftain who experienced Columbus and the cruelty and destruction that the Europeans brought to the land of Jamaica.

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Explanation: After further research, the information of this book has been thoroughly researched, but there is no historical finding of an actual Chieftain named Huareo but the experiences were historically true.

The author of the book **”Huareo: Story of a Jamaican Cacique”** is **Fred W. Kennedy**. The book tells the story of Huareo, a Taino cacique, and his leadership in Jamaica during the arrival of the Spanish. It’s a meticulously researched historical fiction novel that brings to life the experiences of the Taino people.

Since the story of Huareo was not a fully historical person, please review all of the previous study guides to prepare for the quiz on Jamaica.

Original Black Project 2025

**Black Project 2025** is a viral initiative started by a TikTok creator named **Aniya Holloway** The project aims to combat the conservative agenda outlined in **Project 2025**, which was developed by the Heritage Foundation. The conservative plan includes proposals to eliminate the Department of Education, dismantle Medicaid, and roll back various civil rights protections.

In response, Black Project 2025 encourages Black professionals to pool their talents and resources to create Black-owned businesses, such as banks, grocery stores, and other essential services, to support the Black community. The movement has gained significant traction on social media and aims to foster economic independence and resilience within the Black community.

The **Black Revolutionary Collective (BRC)** is an organization dedicated to empowering Black communities and promoting social justice. They focus on various initiatives, including education, economic development, and community support. The BRC also maintains a list of Black-owned businesses, such as restaurants and grocery stores, to encourage support for Black entrepreneurs.

The leader of the **Black Revolutionary Collective (BRC)** is **MelodyAngel. She is the President and Founder of the organization, which focuses on empowering Black communities and promoting social justice through various initiatives and programs.

The **Black Revolutionary Collective (BRC)** offers several programs aimed at empowering Black communities and promoting social justice

Here are some of their key initiatives:

1. **10-Point Platform**: This platform outlines the BRC’s objectives and demands, including equality in various government departments, an end to police brutality, and economic empowerment through Black-owned businesses
2. **Economic Empowerment**: The BRC supports Black-owned businesses, such as grocery stores, gas stations, and restaurants, to build generational wealth and provide essential services in Black communities
3. **Education**: The BRC advocates for fully funded schools in majority-Black areas and demands that schools teach the full factual account of Black history and African history.
4. **Police Reform**: The BRC calls for an end to police brutality and qualified immunity, and demands police reform, including background checks and regular psyche evaluations for officers.

5. **Mental Health Support**: The BRC proposes reallocating police budgets to create mental health units to handle mental health crises in Black communities.
6. **Community Programs**: The BRC builds free programs associated with financial literacy and economic power, aiming to educate and uplift the community.

These programs are designed to address systemic issues and promote unity and resilience within Black communities.

To get involved with the **Black Revolutionary Collective (BRC)**, you can follow these steps:

1. **Visit Their Website**: Go to the [Black Revolutionary Collective website](https://www.blackrevolutionarycollective.com/) to learn more about their mission, programs, and how to become a member.
2. **Sign Up**: You can sign up to become a BRC member by providing your email and other details on their website.
3. **Participate in Events**: The BRC organizes various events, including voter registration drives, educational workshops, and community programs Keep an eye on their website and social media for upcoming events.
4. **Donate**: If you’re able, consider making a donation to support their initiatives You can find donation options on their website or through platforms like GoFundMe
5. **Volunteer**: Reach out to the BRC to see how you can volunteer your time and skills to support their programs and initiatives.

No Quiz

CLASS OVERVIEW

Continue learning about Jamaica.

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The importance of African slave labor, began by the Spanish, continued until the British which much greater intensity, and through steadily in volume as sugar production increased and extent of value most Jamaican slaves came from the region of modern day Ghana, Nigeria, and Central Africa, and included the Akan, Ashanti, Yoruba, Ibo and Ibibio people. Jamaica was one of the most valuable British colonies but the conditions endured in this place with horrendous. Families were routinely separated, housing and sanitation were abysmal. Many died from over work and starvation. Life expectancy of West African slaves in Jamaica was seven years. The slave trade was abolished in 1807 by then almost 2 million slaves were traded to Jamaica, with tens of thousands dying slave ships and the middle passage between West Africa and the Caribbean. After almost 250 years of rebellion and resistance, emancipation from slavery was finally won in 1838 this happened because of William Wilberforce in England working for 20 years to abolish slavery. The end of slavery brought about the collapse of the plantation system and the West African slaves who fought for their freedoms were no longer prepared to work for their former Masters. All of this contributed to Jamaica having to go through a lot of changes before it became totally independent in 1962.

1. Jamaica is the third largest Caribbean island.
2. Jamaica was named Santiago.
3. The name of the woman warrior was Queen Nanny.
4. She talked the warriors Gorilla Warfare.
5. The techniques used were breathing, how to walk in without being heard and camouflage.

CLASS OVERVIEW

Learn about Jamaica and about the courageous leadership of Queen Nanny who helped to get and keep her people free.

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Jamaica is the largest Caribbean island. The first inhabitants came about 3,000 years ago and the second arrived and made the red ware culture. The Taino people later made the island their home and cultivated cassava and corn. They had villages of woodpine leaves and straw. The island was spotted by Columbus in 1494. He declared that the island was the fairest Island the eyes had beheld.

The Spanish took control and treated The tainos partially as they look for gold. The island became the colony of San diego. The Tainos population started to dwindle because of the harshness of treatment and disease.

They started the slave trade from Africa and the Africans began to escape and were called the maroons. 1700 the British took Jamaica from Spain Britain encouraged privates to get as much gold as possible from the Spanish ports and then when they were finished with them the British started to execute the pirates.

The British imported many more Africans and enslaved them to work on indigo, cacow and most profitable sugar cane.

British forces fought with the maroons from 1686 to 1755. Queen Nanny fought fighting was from 1728 to 1740.

There were other battles which were fought by The maroons and the British from 1795 to 96. There was an abolitionist by the name of William Wilberforce who helped to bring about the abolition of slavery by the British in 1834 after 20 years of endless parliamentary procedures.

Life was still not good for the people of Jamaica and Paul Bogle 1822-65 try to help us a Baptist preacher who led a rebellion in 1865. Paul vocal was executed for high treason. 

Jamaica continue to want better and the activist Marcus Garvey of Rosen 1887 to 40 he rose to power and had large crowds later inspired Severus in the civil Rights movement including the parents of Malcolm x. 1962 Jamaica received its independence from britain. It has had its ups and downs as a country but is recognized for the many contributions of food, reggae music made famous by Bob Marley and the fastest runner in the world H-bolt.

Queen Nanny was from the Akon people and there are several stories about her coming to Jamaica. Her father and people escaped to the Blue mountains of Jamaica and their method maroon and the tainos who have been there since Columbus. Nanny’s father made sure that she knew the ways of the Africans. Nanny became the symbolic mother of all maroons and started leading in battle. Queen Nanny taught what we now know as guerrilla warfare which helped to secure her people. She taught soldiers how to breathe in a way that would not be heard and how to walk through forest and not be heard and  wear camouflage and not be seen, yet attack completely and successfully. She is accredited for freeing a thousand slaves in her lifetime The maroons use powerful communication using a cow horn gourd and a bone she had over 3,000 soldiers. They said that she had supernatural powers. She could catch a bullet shot at her and return the bullet to the source. Any white man who came into Nanny town would be struck dead. She could plant pumpkins and the seeds would sprout in a few days to feed her people. 

It is believed she died of old age in 1760s. She is the only woman that is commemorated in Jamaica as a Jamaican leader. Her face is on the $500 note. Her legacy lives on with the people of Jamaica.

1. What did two salt begin to do as he was in the battle? SHINE
2. What country helped Toussaint and the army? SPAIN
3. After the battle, what country did Toussaint align with? FRANCE
4. Why did Tucson align himself with that country? France Had abolished slavery, Spain had not.
5. What did Napoleon not want to happen? Blacks to rule in any part of the world.
6. What was  Toussaint’s philosophy about government? Black should rule blacks.

CLASS OVERVIEW

Learn about Toussaint L’Overture  and his leadership in battle and government. Learn how Haiti won their freedom.

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N/A

San Domingo, a small colony given this name by Columbus, had all the wealth of the colonies in all the world by producing more sugar than any other colony in the world. It became a British colony 1697 to 1791.

After the American Revolution in 1776 and the French Revolution in 1789 many of the enslaved began to start revolts. The French Revolution produce the statement that no man is above the other but that wasn’t  practiced because those who were of mixed race did not have the same rights as those who were white and those who were enslaved had no rights at all. 

One of the revolutionary leaders was named Bookman and after he died the revolution movement and vision almost died with him. There were negotiations for some of the enslaved to return back to the plantations but the French wanted all of the slaves to return so the revolt continued.

Toussaint Louverture was in the rebel camp at first. He was a medicine man and also took care of the horses. He was the negotiator with France but that did not work out.

The revolts were not successful because of the weapons used such as machetes. So the revolters asked the Spanish to help them with food and how to fight the French. 

A commissioner signed a decree which abolished slavery and 1793 he stated the only thing they could do was to abolish slavery he wrote the decree that stated that slavery had ended. 

Now Toussaint had a dilemma. The dilemma was to stay with the Spanish who had helped them to  victory but still had slavery or to go back to the French who had just abolished slavery. To stop push the Spanish back but the French did not like that the slaves were free. 

The French opened their doors to the British and then the British took over the colony. Toussaint and Lego ruled Haiti Toussaint ruled the  North and Lego ruled the South. Everything was going well but in 1799 there was a dispute started between the two. Now Napoleon was told to divide the two which started the fight and the French wanted their land and slaves back but was defeated and the officials went back to France and Toussaint was the ruler of all of Haiti. Toussaint stated that Blacks should rule blacks. All the whites were sent back to their countries. 

France, was a monarch and beheaded King Louie the 16th and then became a republic and then became a dictatorship under Napoleon. Toussaint continued to rule the entire island with 10,000 soldiers.

Napoleon had complete control of France and wrote a constitution for France with no laws to govern the colonies. Toussaint wrote a constitution for the colonies which again abolished slavery forever and and made him governor for life.

Napoleon did not accept this and called Toussaint the gilded negro and thought he needed to stop the march of the Blacks. Napoleon sent 20 to 80,000 soldiers to the island and was going to take the island over and arrest The general and put everyone back into slavery and he hoped to accomplish all these plans in 30 days. 

Kristoff held the soldiers back and Toussaint took the people up into the mountains because he felt if they waited out the rainy season  the soldiers would die from the yellow fever. There was a woman leading one of the battles and her name was Marie Jean.

After more negotiations the hostilities between the French and the Haitians ended and Toussaint retired and went on a plantation to live with his family. 

Later, Toussaint was arrested and taken to France where after being put in a castle and not being fed well or cared for died April 7th 1803.

A decade later Napoleon stated,  “My decision to destroy the Blacks of the island, was not about money or fortune, but to keep Blacks from gaining power in the world,” but later he said he should have let Toussaint rule Haiti.

Haiti gained it’s Independence as a free country on January 1, 1804. This is their Independence Day. Every January 1st they eat soup made with squash to celebrate.

1. What crop were the French interested the most in planting and raising. Sugar
2. Haiti became the richest Colony in the World.
3. They imported 40,000  African a year.
4. What were a lot of the Africans who were imported? Warriors
5. What was the age Africans were expected to live? 7