CLASS OVERVIEW

Learn about Saint Maurice of Egypt in Rome and Chavalier De Saint George of France.

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Saint Maurice Copilot Sent by Copilot: Saint Maurice Saint Maurice Explore Certainly! Saint Maurice, also known as Mauritius, Moritz, or Morris, was an Egyptian military leader who headed the legendary Theban Legion of Rome in the 3rd century. He is one of the favorite and most widely venerated saints among that martyred group. Here are some key points about him: Early Life: Maurice was born around AD 250 in Thebes, an ancient city in Upper Egypt (modern-day Luxor). He grew up in the region of Thebes. Military Career: Maurice became a soldier in the Roman army and rose through the ranks. He eventually became the commander of the Theban legion, leading approximately a thousand Christian soldiers. Early Christianity was considered a threat to the Roman Empire at that time. The Theban Legion’s Stand: The Theban Legion, entirely composed of Christians, was called from Egypt to Gaul (modern-day France) to assist Emperor Maximian in suppressing a revolt. Before battle, they were ordered to offer sacrifices to pagan gods and pay homage to the emperor. Maurice and his men refused to worship Roman deities, prioritizing their service to God. Martyrdom: When Maximian ordered the legion to murder local Christians, they refused. As punishment, every tenth soldier was killed (a military practice called decimation). The Theban Christians continued to refuse, and a second decimation was ordered. Ultimately, all remaining members of the legion were executed for their faith. Patronage: Saint Maurice is the patron saint of several professions, locales, and kingdoms. These include alpine troops, armorers, infantrymen, the House of Savoy, and the Pontifical Swiss Guards. You can find more information about Saint Maurice on Britannica, and Saint for a Minute. His feast day is celebrated on September 22.

Chevalier De Saint George

Chevalier De Saint George was born on December 25th 1745 and died on June 10th 1799.

He was born Joseph Bolognese in Balif, Guadalupe.

He was of French and African heritage and was born to a wealthy planter and an enslaved Senegalese woman named Nanon.

After becoming a knight (which is what a Chevalier is) he took his father’s last name of de Saint George and became known Chevalier de St George.

At the age of 7, he was taken to France and at the age of 13, he was educated as a gendarme – which is a military force with law enforcement duties to the King. He also received music lessons of the violin and  fencing kessons.

He joined a new symphony orchestra in 1769 called  Le Concert de Amateurs – consisting of amateurs and professional musicians.

2 years later, he became the concert master and started composing. In 1773 he became the conductor. He became so great, that he was offered the position of conductor of the Paris Opera but because of racism by some of the performers, he was denied the position after they petitioned not to have him because they did not want to take directions from a mulatto.

He conducted a very large orchestra of professionals and amateurs and travelled to London to meet King George III in 1787.

During the French revolution in 1789, at the age of 45, St George served as a colonel of the legion St. George, established in 1792, as the first all black regiment in Europe and the first of its kind defending the French First Republic. He was known as the greatest swordsman in Europe.

Just St George, became a part of the London abolitionist movement and was almost assassinated by four men who he fought off.

He traveled often and had many other musical presentations.

He died of gangrene on June 10, 1799.

1. Charlotte Sophia was married to __________

Answer: King George III

2. Charlotte Sophia started ________ for mothers giving birth. 

Answer: A Hospital 

3. Name one place named after Queen Charlotte 

Answer: Charlottesville, Virginia

             Charlotte North Carolina 

4. Who wrote the book “ The Three Musketeers,” 

Answer: Alexander Dumas

5. Name another book Alexander Dumas wrote

Answer “The Count of Monte Christo” and “ The Man in the Iron Mask”

6. How many pages of work did Dumas produce

Answer: 100,000 pages.

Please review

https://youtu.be/-LtCIImfSCk?si=2nuK92Ewdlzx4tYp

CLASS OVERVIEW

TBD.

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Sources:

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Queen Charlotte Sophia of England

Charlotte Sophia had Portuguese ancestry which reached back to Affonso the third who married a Portuguese and was the great-grandson of King Affonso the first of the Congo. 

Charlotte Sophia was born May 19, 1744 in Mirow, Germany. Her mother was Elizabeth Albertin of Saxe – Hilde burgh -Hassan and her father was Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg. 

Charlotte Sophia married King George III in 1761 at the age of 17 years old. She became Queen and was Queen of the United Kingdom when Ireland and England United in 1801. She had 15 children, 13 live to be adults. 

During her marriage, her husband would have mental health as well as physical issues and at those times, she would be the ruler. The queen loved music by Handel and Bach and was a botanist at heart, planting trees all around. The queen purchased Frogmore house in Windsor Palace in 1792 as a country retreat. It was part of the celebration for King George III for his Golden Jubilee in 1809. 

Mozart’s opus number 3 was dedicated to the queen when it was published on January 18th 1765, opus means work. 

Queen Charlotte Sophia helped to establish a hospital for mothers giving birth to children, the oldest maternity hospital in Europe.

Queen Charlotte Sophia died November 17th 1818. She is the great-great-great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth and the great great great great grandmother of King Charles. Prince William’s daughter is named after her, Charlotte.

All places in America named Charlotte was named after Queen Charlotte Sophia.

Alexandre Dumas

Alexander Dumas was born July 24th 1802 and died December 5th 1870 in Normandy, France. 

He was a French novelist and playwright. His works have been translated into many languages and he is one of the most widely read French authors. 

Many of his historical works were serials including the “Count of Monte Cristo,” “The Three Musketeers,” and 20 years after those works he wrote “The Vicomte of Bragelonne,” and 10 years afterwards, he wrote “The Man in the Iron Mask.” 

Since the early 20th Century, his novels have been made into almost 200 films.

Dumas, first started writing plays which were successful, then he also wrote magazine articles and travel books. His works totaled 100,000 pages of written work. 

In 1840, he founded The Theater Historique, in Paris. 

His father was in the French military and did very well, after coming to France from Haiti, which was called Saint Dominguez at the time.

His father was very supportive of him. 

Alexander Dumas moved to Belgium where he stayed for several years, then Russia a few years then Italy, where he started a newspaper, “La Independent,” before returning to Paris in 1864.

He was married to Ida Ferrier. He had a son name Alexandre Dumas.

He had two sisters, Marie Alexandrine and Marie  Alexandre.

He possibly died of a heart attack.

His home is now a museum, The Chateau de Monte Cristo.

1. Name five things you learned about The Moors

Answer: Any answer you can find from the former Study guide and that was mentioned.

CLASS OVERVIEW

Continue to learn about the Moors.

BEFORE YOU GET STARTED:

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Sources:

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THE MOORS

The Moors were of Berber and Arab descent, as well as from Senegal and Northwestern Africa. They ruled Spain, Portugal, and parts of Europe from 711 AD to 1492 AD.

When the Moors came to Europe, the Europeans were filthy and had all kinds of diseases, and the Moors taught them to bathe.
Many Moors are found in European paintings. The Moors laid the foundation for the Renaissance period.

The Moors introduced many new crops, including oranges, lemons, peaches, figs, sugar cane, dates, ginger, and pomegranates, as well as saffron, cotton, silk, and rice.

Moors had the most modern cities in Europe. One was called Cordoba, with well-paved streets with sidewalks for the people and street lamps to light the streets 100s of years before these things were in Paris or London. There were 900 public baths.

They would go without bread before they would be without soap.
Great Mosques with 1000 columns were perfumed with jasper and other sweet-smelling oils.

The Moors brought education to Europe, where the kings could not write. Europe had only two universities at that time. The Moors had 17 great universities located in Cardoba, Granada, Jucier, Malaga, Seville, and Toledo.
The Moors established public libraries with 500,000 books. Europe did not have any public libraries.

The Moors introduced music, which led to the classical music we know today.

Rulers lived in Palaces, and the monarchies of Germany, France, and England lived in barns. The Moors brought the game of chess to Europe.

The Moors also brought polymath, astronomy, geography, meteorology, botany, cosmetics, the culinary arts, and fashion to Europe. A Moor named Ziryab started a trend when he started changing clothes according to weather and seasons. He suggested clothes for morning, afternoon, and evening and bathing in the morning and evening. He created deodorant and toothpaste. He made shaving fashionable and set haircut trends. Ziryab introduced salts and fragrant oils to improve hair conditions after washing.

The Moors divided meals into three courses, from soup to desserts. They introduced paper to Europe. Three-course meals were served on a leather tablecloth: soup, main course, and dessert. Before him, food was served on a platter or bare table. Ziryab introduced crystal as a container for drinks.

The Moors brought aqua ducts for plumbing.

Abu al-Qasim is considered the father of modern surgery. He developed a range of innovative surgical instruments and wrote a textbook that would be the cornerstone for the next 500 years.

The Moors attempted air flight in 875AD and were successful going up but not so successful coming down.

The Moors taught Europeans how to store grains for up to 100 years by building underground silos.

Another Resource -( When Black Men Ruled the World) 8 things the Moors brought to Europe.

Here is the video about the Moors with pictures
https://screencast-o-matic.com/u/r2ia/

1. How many universities did the Moors establish? 

Answer: 17.

2. How many books were in all of the libraries combined? 

Answer: 500,000.

3. The Moors introduced ________, which led to classical _______.

Answer: a musical scale, Music

4. The Moors broke meals into how many courses?

Answer: 3

5. What game did the Moors bring to Europe? 

Answer: Chess