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CLASS OVERVIEW
TBD
BEFORE YOU GET STARTED:
Sources:
TBD
TBD
TBD
CLASS OVERVIEW
TBD.
BEFORE YOU GET STARTED:
World Changer/Teacher: Dr. John Aden
Sources:
Sources information and links cited for this class can be found within the Google Slides Presentation below.
Quizzes are not applicable in this class.
Dr. John’s Class #27 Google Slide Presentation Deck:
CLASS OVERVIEW
Learn about what strategies other Kings and Queens used to defeat their oppressors. Learn about The Deacons of Defense and Justice.
BEFORE YOU GET STARTED:
Sources:
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Queen Yaa Asantewaa
Yaa Asantewaa, the legendary Queen Mother of the Ashanti Empire, led a fierce resistance against British colonial rule in 1900. Her strategies remain relevant for modern resistance movements:
– Psychological Warfare: She used talking drums to instill fear in the enemy and boost morale among her troops. Today, controlling narratives and using media effectively can shape public perception and resistance efforts.
– Siege Tactics: She led the Ashanti forces in blocking British strongholds, cutting off their food and military supplies. Modern movements can use economic and logistical disruptions to weaken oppressive systems.
– Symbolic Leadership: She defended the Golden Stool, the sacred symbol of Ashanti unity. Protecting cultural identity and historical symbols remains crucial in resistance movements.
– Grassroots Mobilization: She rallied her people, challenging Ashanti men to fight for their sovereignty. Today, mobilizing communities and fostering unity is essential for sustained resistance.
– Defensive Infrastructure: Her forces built stockades to block roads and paths, slowing British advances. Modern resistance can use strategic barriers—physical or digital—to protect movements.
Her courage and leadership continue to inspire resistance against oppression.
King Menelek II
King Menelik II of Ethiopia was a master of strategic resistance, particularly against European colonial forces. His approach offers valuable lessons for modern resistance movements:
– Military Modernization: Menelik II ensured Ethiopia had a well-equipped army by acquiring modern weapons and training. Today, this translates to staying technologically advanced in defense and security.
– Strategic Diplomacy: He played European powers against each other, using their rivalries to Ethiopia’s advantage. Modern movements can leverage international alliances and media to gain support.
– Geographic Advantage: Menelik II used Ethiopia’s rugged terrain to outmaneuver Italian forces in the Battle of Adwa. Understanding and utilizing local environments remains crucial in resistance efforts.
– National Unity: He fostered a strong sense of Ethiopian identity, rallying diverse groups under a common cause. Today, unity and collective action are essential for effective resistance.
– Economic Strength: By maintaining control over Ethiopia’s resources, Menelik II ensured the country’s independence. Modern resistance movements can focus on economic self-sufficiency to reduce external influence.
His victory at Adwa in 1896 remains a powerful example of successful resistance against oppression.
Sultan Samory Toure
Samory Touré, the leader of the Wassoulou Empire, fiercely resisted French colonial expansion in West Africa during the late 19th century. His strategies offer valuable lessons for modern resistance movements:
– Guerrilla Warfare: Touré avoided direct battles when necessary, using mobility and surprise attacks to weaken French forces.
– Strategic Alliances: He sought support from neighboring African kingdoms, though some alliances were unsuccessful.
– Military Innovation: He equipped his army with modern British weapons, adapting to the technological advancements of his enemies.
– Scorched Earth Policy: When forced to retreat, he destroyed resources to slow down French advances, delaying their ability to capture him.
– Cultural & Religious Unity: He used Islam as a unifying force, strengthening his empire’s identity and resistance.
His ability to adapt, mobilize, and resist colonial domination remains relevant today
Pharaoh Taharqa
Pharaoh Taharqa, the Kushite ruler of Egypt’s 25th Dynasty, was known for his resilience against Assyrian invasions and his efforts to strengthen his empire. His strategies offer valuable lessons for modern resistance movements:
– Defensive Fortifications: Taharqa reinforced key cities and temples, ensuring they could withstand external threats.
– Strategic Alliances: He supported Palestine’s resistance against Assyria, demonstrating the power of coalition-building.
– Cultural Preservation: He invested in architecture and religious institutions, using cultural identity as a form of resistance.
– Tactical Retreat & Counterattack: After initial defeats, he regrouped in Upper Egypt and launched counter offensive, showing the importance of adaptability.
His ability to blend military strategy, diplomacy, and cultural resilience remains relevant today.
King Shaka
King Shaka of the Zulu Kingdom was a master of military strategy and leadership. His resistance tactics offer valuable lessons for modern movements:
– Military Innovation: Shaka revolutionized warfare by introducing the iklwa, a short stabbing spear, which made close combat more effective.
– Buffalo Horn Formation: His famous battlefield strategy involved three divisions—the chest (main attack force), the horns (flanking units), and the loins (reserves)—allowing his forces to encircle and crush enemies.
– Rigorous Training & Mobility: Zulu warriors were trained to march up to 50 miles a day barefoot, making them one of the most mobile and resilient fighting forces.
– Psychological Warfare: Shaka instilled discipline and fear in his enemies, ensuring his reputation as a formidable leader
– Strategic Expansion: He absorbed smaller clans through conquest or alliance, strengthening his rule and influence.
His ability to blend military strength, psychological tactics, and cultural unity remains relevant today.
The **Deacons for Defense and Justice** were a Black self-defense organization founded in **1964** in **Jonesboro, Louisiana** to protect civil rights activists from violent white supremacist groups like the Klu Klux Klan
### **Key Members**
Some of the notable figures in the organization included:
– **Earnest “Chilly Willy” Thomas** – Co-founder
– **Charles Sims** – Leader of the Bogalusa chapter
– **A.Z. Young** – Key figure in Bogalusa
– **Robert Hicks** – Leader in Bogalusa, Louisiana
### **Impact**
The Deacons played a crucial role in shifting the civil rights movement’s approach to self-defense. Their armed presence:
– **Protected civil rights activists** from Klan violence
– **Forced federal intervention** in areas where local law enforcement failed to protect Black citizens
– **Helped neutralize Klan intimidation** in Louisiana and beyond
– **Provided security** for major civil rights events, including the **1966 March Against Fear** from Memphis to Jackson, Mississippi.
### **Notable Events**
– **Bogalusa Confrontations (1965)** – The Deacons clashed with the Klan, leading to national attention and federal intervention
– **March Against Fear (1966)** – They provided armed protection for activists marching from Memphis to Jackson .
– **Jonesboro Defense Efforts (1964-1965)** – They successfully deterred Klan violence in their hometown
Their influence declined by **1968**, as Black political participation increased and the Black Power movement gained momentum However, their legacy remains a powerful testament to the necessity of self-defense in the fight for civil rights.
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CLASS OVERVIEW
TBD.
BEFORE YOU GET STARTED:
World Changer/Teacher: Dr. John Aden
Sources:
Sources information and links cited for this class can be found within the Google Slides Presentation below.
Quizzes are not applicable in this class.
Dr. John’s Class #26 Google Slide Presentation Deck:
CLASS OVERVIEW
Learn about how Kings, Pharaohs and Queens used strategies to defeat their enemies and would be oppressors.
BEFORE YOU GET STARTED:
Sources:
N/A
Queen Amanirenas, the warrior queen of Kush, led a fierce resistance against Roman expansion in the 1st century BCE. Her strategies offer valuable lessons for modern resistance movements:
– Strategic Alliances: Amanirenas mobilized her forces and worked with other Kushite leaders to strengthen her army.
– Symbolic Defiance: She famously took the bronze head of Emperor Augustus from a statue and buried it under a temple’s steps—a powerful act of resistance.
– War of Attrition: Rather than direct prolonged battles, she leveraged terrain, climate, and persistent resistance to wear down Roman forces.
– Diplomatic Negotiation: Despite Rome’s military strength, she secured a peace treaty that preserved Kush’s independence without paying tThese tactics—unity, symbolism, endurance, and negotiation—remain relevant for movements resisting oppression today. Which of these strategies do you find most compelling.
King Hannibal of Carthage was a master of unconventional warfare, and his strategies remain relevant for resistance movements today. Here are some key lessons:
– Guerrilla Tactics & Attrition: Hannibal avoided direct confrontation when necessary, using small-scale attacks to weaken his enemies over time
-Psychological Warfare: He deceived opponents by manipulating their expectations—like his famous double envelopment at Cannae, where he lured Roman forces into a trap
– Adaptability & Terrain Advantage: Hannibal used geography to his benefit, such as forcing Roman troops to cross freezing rivers before battle, weakening their effectiveness.
– Strategic Alliances: He sought support from local populations and allied forces, ensuring he had reinforcements and supplies.
These tactics—deception, endurance, adaptability, and coalition-building—can be applied to modern resistance movements.
Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba was a brilliant strategist who resisted Portuguese colonial rule in the 17th century. Her tactics offer valuable lessons for modern resistance movements:
– Diplomatic Maneuvering: Nzinga negotiated with European powers, using diplomacy to delay invasions and secure resources for her people.
– Guerrilla Warfare: She led her forces in unconventional warfare, using the terrain to her advantage and launching surprise attacks.
– Symbolic Defiance: Nzinga refused to be subjugated, famously sitting on the back of an attendant rather than accepting an inferior seat during negotiations.
– Strategic Alliances: She formed coalitions with neighboring African groups to strengthen her resistance against Portuguese forces.
Her ability to blend diplomacy, military strategy, and psychological warfare remains relevant today. Which of these strategies do you think is most applicable to modern resistance movements?
King Sundiata Keita, the legendary founder of the Mali Empire, offers powerful lessons in resistance and leadership. His strategies remain relevant today:
– Resilience Against Adversity: Sundiata overcame exile and physical challenges before reclaiming his throne, showing the importance of perseverance.
– Coalition Building: He united various Mandinka clans to overthrow the oppressive rule of Sumanguru Kante, emphasizing the strength of alliances.
– Strategic Warfare: Sundiata used superior tactics and knowledge of the terrain to defeat his enemies, proving that preparation and adaptability are key.
– Cultural Identity & Legacy: He established governance based on justice and tradition, ensuring long-term stability. Resistance isn’t just about fighting—it’s about building a lasting foundation.
His story is a testament to unity, strategy, and resilience. Which of these strategies do you think is most relevant today?
King Sunni Ali Ber, the ruler of the Songhai Empire (1464–1492), was known for his military brilliance and strategic governance. His resistance strategies offer valuable lessons for modern movements:
– Military Innovation: Sunni Ali developed a powerful navy on the Niger River, using it to control trade routes and launch surprise attacks.
– Psychological Warfare: He instilled fear in his enemies through swift and decisive action, ensuring his reputation as a formidable leader.
– Strategic Expansion: He conquered key cities like Timbuktu and Djenné, securing economic and political dominance.
– Adaptability: He balanced traditional African beliefs with Islam, maintaining unity among diverse populations.
His ability to blend military strength, psychological tactics, and cultural diplomacy remains relevant today. Which of these strategies do you think is most applicable to modern resistance movements?
No quiz.
CLASS OVERVIEW
Listen to the overview of content of the upcoming classes by Gwen Ebron on Kings, Queens, individuals and groups who resisted oppression.
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